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“PhacoTracking” An Evolving Paradigm in Ophthalmic Surgical Training “PhacoTracking”

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

Motion analysis has been validated as a tool to evaluate surgical skill. We investigated a novel computer vision–based tool for the evaluation of surgical movements during cataract surgery. A prospective cohort analysis of 2 groups was performed. Ten videos of junior surgeons (ie, those with 1000 cases) were analyzed. Movement parameters were measured over an entire procedure. Significant statistical differences were found between novice and expert surgeons for total path length (P = .002), numb

About This Journal

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

Accelerated In Vitro Degradation of Optically Clear Low–ß Sheet Silk Films by Enzyme-Mediated Pretreatment Developing a Tissue-Engineered Corneal Stroma

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

The cornea is the most frequently transplanted tissue in the United States. Worldwide, the demand for donor tissue exceeds supply. Manufacture of such tissue would address an important unmet clinical need. To manufacture transplantable corneal tissue, one must understand the design principles underlying cornea anatomy. Human cornea is a pentalaminar structure that includes the epithelium, Bowman layer, stroma, Descemet membrane, and endothelium. Several features give rise to corneal transparency

Anterior Chamber Bleeding After Laser Peripheral Iridotomy Anterior Chamber Bleeding

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

ImportanceTo our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the correlation of anterior chamber bleeding after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and antiplatelet therapy.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence and amount of anterior chamber bleeding after laser peripheral iridotomy in patients whose condition is suggestive of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACS) who continued their antiplatelet or anticoagulant treatment before undergoing LPI compared with when they discontinued treatment.Design

Association Between Depression and Functional Vision Loss in Persons 20 Years of Age or Older in the United States, NHANES 2005-2008 Depression and Functional Vision Loss

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

ImportanceThis study provides further evidence from a national sample to generalize the relationship between depression and vision loss to adults across the age spectrum. Better recognition of depression among people reporting reduced ability to perform routine activities of daily living due to vision loss is warranted.ObjectivesTo estimate, in a national survey of US adults 20 years of age or older, the prevalence of depression among adults reporting visual function loss and among those with vi

Clinical Manifestations of Cytomegalovirus-Associated Posterior Uveitis and Panuveitis in Patients Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection CMV-Associated Posterior Uveitis and Panuveitis

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

ImportanceLittle attention has been paid to clinical features of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in individuals without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).ObjectiveTo describe the clinical manifestations and comorbidities of patients without HIV infection who have CMV-associated posterior uveitis or panuveitis.Design and SettingRetrospective observational case series in an academic research setting.ParticipantsThe medical records were reviewed of 18 patients (22 affected eyes) diagnosed as havi

Conjunctival Papilloma Features and Outcomes Based on Age at Initial Examination Conjunctival Papilloma

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

ImportanceConjunctival papilloma is a benign epithelial tumor occurring in both children and adults with varying clinical features and outcomes. In this article, we describe our experience regarding the difference in the clinical features and outcomes of conjunctival papilloma based on age at initial examination.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical features, treatment, and outcomes in patients with conjunctival papilloma based on age at initial examination.DesignRetrospective study.SettingOcular On

Corneal Graft Alterations After Descemet Stripping: Implications for Split Cornea Transplantation

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

In recent years, there has been tremendous progress in improving lamellar keratoplasty techniques such as deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty. Splitting of a single donor cornea into an anterior part (including epithelium, its basement membrane, Bowman layer, and stroma) for use in a deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty procedure in a patient with anterior stromal disease (eg, keratoconus) and into a posterior part (endothelium–Descemet membrane laye

Delayed Presentation of Emulsified Subretinal Silicone Oil Appearing as an Inverse Macular Pseudohypopyon

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

The use of silicone oil is well established in complex retinal detachment surgery, and it is still the most frequently used internal tamponade in the management of giant retinal tear. The common complications associated with silicone oil have been extensively described. Subretinal silicone oil is an infrequent but serious complication. The delayed presentation of subretinal silicone oil is uncommon and has previously been described in cases of retinal detachment associated with optic disc pit. W

Effect of Intravitreous Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy on Choroidal Thickness in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

A critical method of monitoring patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) being treated with anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) is optical coherence tomography (OCT), which uses low-coherence interferometry of light to examine the retina in vivo on a micrometer scale.

Effect of Low Concentrations of Benzalkonium Chloride on Acanthamoebal Survival and Its Potential Impact on Empirical Therapy of Infectious Keratitis Benzalkonium Chloride and Acanthamoebal Survival

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

ImportanceThe significant antiacanthamoebal effect of benzalkonium chloride, at or below concentrations used for preservation of common ophthalmic preparations, should be understood both when choosing empiric antibiotic therapy for infectious keratitis and when assessing the persistent rise in Acanthamoeba cases in the United States since 2003.ObjectiveTo characterize the antiacanthamoebal efficacy of low concentrations of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) for drug preservation and therapeutic effect

Endothelial Morphometric Measures to Predict Endothelial Graft Failure After Penetrating Keratoplasty Morphometric Measures and Endothelial Graft Failure

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

ImportanceEndothelial morphometric measures have potential value in predicting graft failure after penetrating keratoplasty.ObjectiveTo determine whether preoperative and/or postoperative central morphometric measures (endothelial cell density [ECD], coefficient of variation [CV], and percentage of hexagonality [HEX]) and their postoperative changes are predictive of graft failure caused by endothelial decompensation after penetrating keratoplasty to treat a moderate-risk condition, principally

Failure of Systemic Propranolol Therapy for Choroidal Hemangioma of Sturge-Weber Syndrome A Report of 2 Cases

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

Propranolol was incidentally discovered to induce accelerated involution of infantile cutaneous hemangioma. Thereafter, reports have demonstrated a favorable response to propranolol as a first-line treatment for cutaneous, orbital, and ocular hemangioma in different ages. We report the outcome of oral propranolol therapy in 2 cases with choroidal hemangioma of Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS).

Forniceal Conjunctival Pedicle Flap for the Treatment of Complex Glaucoma Drainage Device Tube Erosion Forniceal Conjunctival Flap for GDD Erosion

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

This retrospective study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the forniceal conjunctival pedicle flap for repair of conjunctival-deficient tube erosions. Additionally, we report the split-lid technique, a procedural improvement if fornix access is difficult. We identified 15 eyes of 14 consecutive patients with complex tube erosions. The mean age was 72.8 years and 33.3% had diabetes mellitus. Most patients were functionally monocular and 80% had undergone 4 or more prior ocular surgical procedu

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy of Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy Before and After Endothelial Keratoplasty Confocal Microscopy of Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

ImportanceThis study reveals significant changes of the anterior cornea in Fuchs endothelial dystrophy that probably affect the visual outcomes of endothelial keratoplasty for the disease.ObjectiveTo determine whether abnormalities of corneal stromal and subepithelial cells in Fuchs endothelial dystrophy resolve after Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK).DesignProspective observational study of 49 corneas of 42 patients with Fuchs dystrophy before DSEK and during 3 years of postope

Macular Xanthophylls and ?-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Age-Related Macular Degeneration A Randomized Trial Macular Xanthophylls and LC-PUFAs in AMD

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

ImportanceIt has been shown that the functionality of the macula lutea depends on the nutritional uptake of lutein and zeaxanthin and that it is inversely associated with the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Additionally, ?-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) may also be protective.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of a 12-month intervention with macular xanthophylls and ?-3 LC-PUFAs on xanthophylls and fatty acids in plasma, antioxidant capacity, and optical dens

Management of Fingolimod-Associated Macular Edema

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

Fingolimod is the first orally active drug approved for the management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Its immunosuppressive action is related to downregulation of sphingosine 1–phosphate receptor 1 on lymphocytes, which inhibits their egress from lymphoid tissues. Macular edema (ME) is an infrequent adverse effect of fingolimod, usually occurring within 3 months of initiation of treatment and resolving on cessation of fingolimod. We report a case of ME in a patient with MS recei

Minocycline-Induced Scleral and Dermal Pigmentation

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

Morphogenetic Model for Radial Streaking in the Fundus of the Carrier State of X-Linked Albinism

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

Ocular albinism is an X-linked disease characterized in affected males by poor vision, nystagmus, iris transillumination, hypopigmented fundus, foveal hypoplasia, and a decreased proportion of ipsilateral ganglion cell fibers at the optic chiasm. Mutation of the OA1/GPR143 gene on the X chromosome is responsible for this condition. The skin and hair pigmentation appears clinically normal, but skin histologic analysis reveals macromelanosomes in melanocytes. Carriers of the condition are rarely s

Optic Pathway Gliomas Neoplasms, Not Hamartomas Optic Pathway Gliomas as Neoplasms

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

ImportanceOptic pathway gliomas are an important neuro-ophthalmic cause of vision loss in children. Their management depends on whether they are considered neoplasms or hamartomas.ObjectiveTo outline the evidence that optic pathway gliomas are slowly growing neoplasms and not hamartomas.DesignReview of relevant studies in the literature.SettingThe authors are from a pediatric tertiary referral center.ResultsThe growth patterns and histopathology of optic pathway gliomas are more consistent with

Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Primary Retinal Detachment Persistent Anterior Peripheral Retinal Detachment Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Retinal Detachment

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

In the century since rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was first repaired by Jules Gonin, a variety of surgical techniques have been successfully used. From the introduction of the scleral buckle by Ernst Custodis, MD, in 1949 to the development of the pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) by Robert Machemer, MD, in 1971, the principles of retinal reattachment remain consistent: identify the retinal breaks, treat the retinal breaks, and relieve vitreoretinal traction. Contemporary techniques provide unpar

Posterior Segment Worm Infestation

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

Prevalence of Glaucoma in an Urban West African Population The Tema Eye Survey Glaucoma in West Africa

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

ImportanceMultiple studies have found an increased prevalence, younger age at onset, and more severe course of glaucoma in people of African descent, but these findings are based on studies conducted outside Africa.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of glaucoma in an urban West African population of adults.Design and SettingA population-based, cross-sectional study of adults 40 years and older conducted from September 1, 2006, through December 31, 2008, from 5 communities in Tema, Ghana.Partic

Reducing the Risk of Endophthalmitis After Intravitreous Injection Endophthalmitis After Intravitreous Injection

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13

Intravitreous (IVT) injection is the fastest growing procedure in ophthalmology. The number of IVT injections performed in the United States, estimated from Medicare procedure codes, increased from fewer than 3000 injections per year in 1999 to more than 1 million injections in 2008, and the number of injections will continue to increase given the aging population and the expanding indications.

Retinal Vasculitis, Aneurysms, and Neovascularization in Blau Syndrome—Diagnosis

from ArchOpht - 01 May 13